IoT-Based Smart Aquarium Management System

Project Domain / Category

Digital Logic Design & IoT

Abstract / Introduction

The Internet of Things (IoT) is reshaping industries by connecting devices to the internet and enabling automated control and monitoring. In this project, we aim to develop an IoT-based Smart Aquarium Management System that provides real-time monitoring and control of essential aquarium parameters. This system will offer a seamless, automated solution for maintaining the health and well-being of aquatic life by monitoring water temperature, pH levels, light intensity, and oxygen levels, while automating feeding schedules.

This system will provide users with a visual display and indication mechanism at the aquarium, as well as remote monitoring via a web or mobile application. The ultimate goal is to enhance aquarium management by automating the routine tasks, ensuring a stable environment for the aquatic ecosystem, and notifying the user of any deviations from optimal conditions.

Functional and Non-Functional Requirements

Functional Requirements

1.        Real-Time Monitoring:

a.      The system must monitor essential water parameters such as temperature, pH level, water level, dissolved oxygen, and lighting conditions in real-time.

2.        Automated Control:

a.      The system must automate feeding and control the lighting based on pre-set schedules or environmental conditions.

b.      Temperature regulation must be automated with heaters or coolers to maintain optimal levels.

3.        Notification Alerts:

a.      The system should notify the user through a mobile or web application in case of any abnormalities (e.g., high/low temperature, pH imbalance, or water level issues).

b.      Alerts should be visual and audible on the local display.

4.        Display and Indication:

a.      A local LCD screen must display real-time water parameters and system status.

b.      Visual indicators such as LED lights should signal abnormal conditions (e.g., a red LED for high temperature).

5.        Remote Control and Monitoring:

a.      Users must be able to access real-time data and control the system remotely via a mobile app or web interface.

b.      The app should allow users to adjust feeding schedules, lighting, and temperature thresholds.

6.        Data Logging:

a.      The system must log water parameters over time and display historical data through the user interface for analysis of aquarium conditions.

1.      Reliability:

a.      The system must operate continuously, with minimal downtime, to ensure that aquarium conditions are constantly monitored and maintained.

2.      Scalability:

a.      The system should be scalable to manage aquariums of different sizes, with the ability to add more sensors or functionalities if needed.

3.      Usability:

a.      The mobile and web interfaces should be user-friendly, providing easy access to aquarium conditions and control functions.

b.      The local display should be intuitive, allowing even novice users to understand system status at a glance.

4.      Security:

a.      The system must ensure secure access to the mobile or web application, requiring user authentication to prevent unauthorized control of the aquarium.

5.      Energy Efficiency:

a.      The system should be designed to minimize power consumption, especially for

components like sensors, displays, and actuators.

Tools:

1.      Hardware:

o   Microcontroller: An Arduino or ESP8266/ESP32 microcontroller will be used to control the system and connect to sensors.

o   Sensors:

▪      Temperature sensor (e.g., DS18B20 or DHT11) to monitor water temperature.

▪      pH sensor to measure the acidity/alkalinity of the water.

▪      Water level sensor to ensure optimal water levels.

▪      Dissolved oxygen sensor to monitor oxygen concentration.

▪      Light sensor to monitor the intensity of lighting.

o   Actuators:

▪      Automatic fish feeder to manage feeding schedules.

▪      Relays to control heating/cooling and lighting systems.

o   Display:

▪      LCD display for real-time local status and water parameter display.

▪      LEDs for indication of critical conditions.

2.      Software:

o   Programming Languages: C/C++ for microcontroller programming; Python/JavaScript for web/mobile app development.

o   Mobile App/Web Interface: Developed using frameworks like React Native (for

mobile apps) or React.js/Flask for web apps.

o   Cloud Services: Firebase or AWS IoT for real-time data storage and remote

access.

o   Communication Protocols: MQTT or HTTP for communication between the microcontroller and cloud services.

3.      Development Tools:

o   Arduino IDE: For writing and uploading code to the microcontroller.

o   Visual Studio Code: For software development and debugging.

o   Circuit Simulation Tools: Tools like Proteus or Tinkercad for simulating the circuit

before implementation.

o   Version Control: Git for source code management.

This IoT-based Smart Aquarium Management System aims to provide an efficient and intelligent way of managing an aquarium while ensuring that the aquatic life thrives in optimal